Adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) is typically a late onset,
autosomal dominant disorder characterised by multiple renal
cysts. It is one of the most common genetic diseases in humans
and the incidence may be as high as 1 in 1000. There is
considerable variation in the age at which end stage renal
failure is reached and the frequency of hypertension, urinary
tract infections, and hepatic cysts. Approximately 20% of APKD
patients have end stage renal failure by the age of 50 and 70%
by the age of 70, with 5% of all end stage renal failure being due
to APKD. A high incidence of colonic diverticulae associated
with a risk of colonic perforation is reported in APKD patients
with end stage renal failure. An increased prevalence of 4–5%
for intracranial aneurysms has been suggested, compared to the
prevalence of 1% in the general population. There may also be
an increased prevalence of mitral, aortic and tricuspid
regurgitation, and tricuspid valve prolapse in APKD.
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